Evaluation of wood harvesting technological processes in respect to social criteria
The aim of the work is to determine the social criteria and indices of wood harvesting technological processes and to evaluate chosen processes with proposed coefficients use. The ratio of employment and limited public during logging operations were expressed by time-consumption of processes in man-minutes/m3 and machine-minutes/m3units, respectively. The social finance burdens (pension, health and accidental funds) of wood extraction in technological processes were expressed in PLN/m3. Five wood harvesting technological processes were evaluated in pine stands, during late thinnings (3 in whole tree and 2 in short wood methods) and 4 processes in clearcuts (2 in long and short tree methods). Chainsaws or harvesters were used in cutting and bucking, and horses (in thinnings only), skidders or forwarders in extraction. The influence of technological processes on evaluation indices was studied in extraction distances at 100, 300, 500 and 1000 m. For example, with an extraction distance 300 m, the highest employment in thinnings is in the whole tree method with use of a chainsaw and a horse (124 man-minutes/m3), whereas the lowest in short wood method with harvester and forwarder work (11 man-minutes/m3). In clearcut, the highest employment is required in the long tree method with a chainsaw and a skidder use (36 and 24 machine-minutes/m3, with tree volume 0.4 and 0.7 m3, respectively), and the lowest in the short wood method with a harvester and forwarder use (6 and 5 man-minutes/m3). The smallest social financial burdens are in thinnings (0.6 PLN/m3) and in clearcuts (0.3 PLN/m3) processes with use of harvester and forwarder in the short wood method. Those burdens are several times higher during wood harvesting on lower technical level.
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