Możliwości wykorzystania atraktantów do monitorowania liczebności populacji drzewotocza japońskiego Xylosandrus germanus (Bldf., 1894) w lasach gospodarczych

Autorzy

• Aleksander Dziuk Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Zakład Ochrony Lasu,
  Sękocin Stary, ul. Braci Leśnej 3,
  05-090 Raszyn
• Jan Jakub Paradysz Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Zakład Ochrony Lasu,
  Sękocin Stary, ul. Braci Leśnej 3,
  05-090 Raszyn
• Radosław Plewa Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Zakład Ochrony Lasu
  Sękocin Stary, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn

Abstrakt

Xylosandrus germanus (Bldf., 1894) is an invasive ambrosia beetle native to Southeast Asia that has spread widely across North America and Europe. In Poland, the species was first recorded in 1998 and is now distributed throughout almost the entire country, where it poses an increasing threat to forest stands and timber quality due to its polyphagy and ability to colonize weakened trees and freshly harvested wood. Despite its growing importance, no systematic monitoring based on dedicated attractants has previously been conducted in Poland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected commercial and experimental attractants for monitoring populations of X. germanus under Polish climatic conditions.
Field experiments were conducted in 2025 in two forest districts in eastern Poland, Krasiczyn and Świdnik, located in areas with long-term high population densities of X. germanus. Four attractants were tested: the commercial products, Econex Ethanol 125 ml and Xylowit, as well as two experimental formulations, Variant A and Variant 1/B. Attractants were deployed in white six-funnel IBL-3 traps installed at a height of approximately 2 m above ground. Study sites were established in mixed, fir-dominated stands (Krasiczyn Forest District) and in mixed, pine-dominated stands (Świdnik Forest District). A total of 36 traps (nine replicates per attractant) were used from 6 May to 5 August, covering most of the X. germanus beetle flight activity. Differences between trap catches with different attractants were analysed using generalised linear mixed models with a negative binomial distribution, with trap location included as a random effect.
A total of 9,292 individuals of X. germanus were captured during the experiment. Traps baited with Econex Ethanol 125 ml captured the highest number of beetles and differed significantly from all other treatments (p < 0.001) (Fig. 2). Xylowit showed intermediate effectiveness, while no significant differences were found between the two experimental variants (A and 1/B), which exhibited the lowest capture rates. Additionally, 159 specimens of the quarantine species Anisandrus maiche (Kurentsov, 1941) were recorded, highlighting the broader applicability of ethanol-based attractants for detecting invasive ambrosia beetles.
The superior performance of Econex Ethanol 125 ml is primarily due to its high ethanol release rate, a key factor in attracting ambrosia beetles associated with ethanol-emitting decaying wood. The results confirm that maintaining a sufficiently high ethanol emission in attractants is critical for reliable monitoring of X. germanus. The experimental attractants, which have lower release rates, require further optimisation before they can be recommended for population monitoring.
This study presents the first evaluation of attractants for trapping X. germanus in Poland and shows that IBL-3 traps baited with Econex Ethanol 125 ml are suitable for both detection and monitoring of this invasive species. Early deployment of traps, preferably from the second half of April, is recommended to fully assess the flight dynamics of X. germanus. The use of effective ethanol-based attractants may also facilitate the early detection of other invasive ambrosia beetles, thereby supporting forest protection and biosecurity efforts.

Słowa kluczowe

• chrząszcze ambrozyjne
• pułapki feromonowe
• korniki
• gatunki inwazyjne
• ambrosia beetles
• pheromone traps
• invasive species
• bark beetles